Operation Support System
Operations Support Systems
often include methods, procedures, equipment and computer programs that support
a telecommunications network. Operations support systems often make up the core
of a commercial network service's operations, administration, maintenance, and
provisioning. OSS functions can include inventory, billing, planning, testing,
repairs and provisioning
Transaction Process System
A transaction process system (TPS) is an information
processing system for business transactions involving the collection,
modification and retrieval of all transaction data. Characteristics of a TPS
include performance, reliability and consistency.
Process Control Systems
In a manufacturing setup, there will be different parameters
for critical processes that have to be monitored. The real time values of these
parameters will be fed to a central control system. These values are compared
with the preset set-points through feedback systems and the necessary alerts
are output on the display system, so that corrective action can be taken.
Enterprise Collaboration Systems
Depending on context, probably a large company-wide piece of software
that is used to help groups of workers easily share and coordinate their
progress. A well-known and related group of software is "enterprise
resource management" software. For example, SAP, or People Soft.
Management Support Systems
Management Support Systems (MSS) are
computer-based systems that are supposed to provide information to be used by
or at least to support managerial decision making. Management Support Systems
is seen as a subset of management information system (MIS), which extends the
information retrieval capabilities of the end-users with ‘query and analysis
functions’ for searching a database, generating ‘what if’' scenarios, and other
such purposes. Thus they are collection of all advanced computer technologies
for supporting solutions of managerial problems. Sometimes called Decision Support
Systems or Business Intelligence but there are some distinctions.
Management Information System
A Management Information System (MIS)
is a broadly used and applied term for a three-resource system required for
effective organization management. The resources are people, information and
technology, from inside and outside an organization, with top priority given to
“people.” The “System” is a collection of information management methods
involving computer automation (software and hardware) or otherwise supporting
and improving the quality and efficiency of business operations and human
decision making.
Decision Support System
A computerized information system used
to support decision-making in an organization or business. A DSS enables users
to sift through and analyze massive reams of data and compile information that
can be used to solve problems and make better decisions.
EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM
An executive information system (EIS)
is a decision support system (DSS) used to assist senior executives in the
decision-making process. It does this by providing easy access to important
data needed to achieve strategic goals in an organization. An EIS normally
features graphical displays on an easy-to-use interface.
Specialized Processing
System
Order processing systems, in one form
or another, have been a part of doing business for ages, and have
developed alongside technology to provide powerful means of
capturing, tracking and shipping customers' orders. Advanced order
processing systems can span multiple continents to track and
facilitate international orders, shipments and returns for a wide
range of product lines and consumer segments.
Expert System
Computer-based system designed to
respond like a human expert in a given field. Expert systems are
built on knowledge gathered from human experts, analogous to a
database but containing rules that may be applied to solving a
specific problem. An interface allows the user to specify symptoms
and to clarify a problem by responding to questions posed by the
system. Software tools exist to help designers build a
special-purpose expert system with minimal effort. An outgrowth of
work in artificial
intelligence, expert systems show promise for an ever-widening
range of applications. There are now widely used expert systems in
the fields of medicine, personnel screening, and education.
Knowledge Management System
Knowledge-management systems are used
to improve the performance of business processes. The fields that
most often use knowledge management include: computer science, public
health, information systems, business administration, public policy,
and library and information sciences, as well as general management.
The departments in which knowledge management is used are typically
called "Business Strategy," "Human Resource
Management" or "Information Technology."
Strategic
Information Systems
Strategic
information systems change the goals, business processes, products,
services or environmental relationships of organizations to help them
gain an edge over competitors." (Laudon & Laudon, 1998, p.
49) In order to be considered strategic, the information system must
create a sustainable competitive advantage.
Functional
business systems
provide
decision-makers feedback and information on the daily operation of
the business. Transaction processing, management information,
decision support and many more information system supports business
functions, such as accounting, finance, marketing, operations
management and human resource management.Although, functional
business sytems are grouped into the five main areas listed above and
shown in the diagram below, in the day to day operations of a
business, many times the lines are blurred. These cross-functional
systems enable businesses provide vital, time sensitive information
that enable a business to both maintain its critical competitive edge
as well as enhance it.
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